المصطلحات
المستخدمة في
مواضيع
الجريمة
والعقاب
There are many words in English
dealing with crime, the courts and punishment. This is a list of common words
and phrases listed alphabetically.
a - acquit
يبرئ/ acquittal
براءة
acquit = to decide that someone is not guilty of a crime: "All the
defendants were acquitted."
b - barrister
وكيل المتهم
أو وكيل
النيابة bail كفالة
barrister = a lawyer who is trained to defend or prosecute in a court: "The
barrister asked many difficult questions."
bail = a sum of money that can be paid in some
situations to allow someone accused of a crime to stay out of prison before the
court case: "He won't get bail - he's extremely violent."
c - court
المحكمة, custody
الحبس
الإحتياطي
, conviction
إدانة, cross-examination
استجواب
المتهم من قبل
وكيل النيابة
court = the place where a crime is discussed and judged: "He's in court
again - this is the second time this year!"
a court case = what happens in a court: "This is an interesting court case,
as many people are involved."
in custody = when the police keep someone in prison
before the person goes to court: "He's being kept in custody until the
trial begins."
custodial sentence = when someone is sent to prison for a crime: "Custodial
sentences are getting shorter."
conviction = when someone is found guilty of a
crime: "He had a string of convictions going back twenty years."
cross-examination = when what someone says is
questioned by the barrister representing the other side: "Under
cross-examination, her evidence showed some inconsistencies."
d - defend
يدافع, defendant الدفاع
to defend - to argue the innocence of the person who is accused of a crime (the
defendant):"The barrister defending him is going to have a hard time
e - evidence
دليل اتهام
evidence = information that proves someone is guilty: "The forensic
evidence shows that he committed the murder."
f - fine
غرامة
fine = a sum of money that is paid as a punishment for a minor crime: "He
got a small fine for speeding."
g - guilty
مذنب
find someone guilty = when it is decided that someone has committed a
crime: "He was found guilty of murder and sentenced to life
imprisonment."
h - hearsay كلام غير مؤيد
بدليل
hearsay = when you hear something from someone, but you don't know if it
is true or not: "Although the police are suspicious, they can't prosecute
him on what the neighbours think - it's all hearsay."
i - illegal
غير قانوني
illegal = against the law: "The brothers carried out an illegal
trade in rare and endangered animals
j - judge
القاضي, jury هيئة
المحلفين, justice
العدالة
judge = a person who is in control of a court. The judge makes sure that
both sides of the argument are heard, sums up or explains things to the jury, if
necessary, and passes sentence if the defendant is found guilty.
"She's a well-respected judge."
jury = 12 citizens who are selected at random to
decide
whether someone is guilty or not in a criminal trial: "I have to do
jury service next month and I'm a little nervous."
"The jury took five hours to find him not guilty.
justice = how people
are judged: "The British justice system is unlike other European
systems."
l - life sentence
مؤبد أي مدى
الحياة
life sentence = when someone guilty of murder or other serious crimes is
sent to prison for "life": "He's currently serving two life
sentences for murder."
m - magistrate
قاضي الجنح, magistrate's
court محكمة الجنح
magistrate = someone who judges less serious crimes: "She was in the
magistrate's court for shoplifting."
n - not guilty
غير مذنب
not guilty = when someone is found to be innocent of a crime: "The
jury found her not guilty."
p - prosecution
اتهام, parole خروج
قبل انتهاء
مدة العقوبة
, plea, plaintiff
prosecution = the lawyers arguing against the defendant: "The doctor
was a witness for the prosecution."
parole = when a convicted criminal is allowed out of
prison before the end of the sentence: "He was sentenced to ten years, but
with parole, he'll serve seven years at the most."
"She's on parole."
plea = a statement in court saying whether a person
is guilty or not: "The defendant entered a plea of not guilty."
plaintiff = someone who takes a person to court and
brings a legal action against them: "The plaintiff stated that the
defendant had deliberately destroyed his fence."
r - diminished
responsibility عدم
مسئولية
الشخص عن
أفعاله لعدم
الأهلية
diminished responsibility = when someone cannot be held responsible for a
crime, because they are mentally ill: "A plea of diminished responsibility
was accepted."
s - statement, sentence
أقوال المتهم
statement = something that a person says is true and which is officially
written down: "In your statement to the police, you said that you had left
the party at 11 pm."
sentence = the punishment that a judge gives someone
who is guilty of a crime: "People are no longer sentenced to death in the
UK."
t - trial
وقائع
المحاكمة
trial = the court process which decides if someone is guilty or
not: "The murder trial is being reported in all the newspapers."
u - unsafe الأدلة غير
كافية أو غير
مقنعة
unsafe conviction = when someone has been found guilty because the
evidence was wrong or the witnesses didn't tell the truth: "The judge ruled
the convictions unsafe and the defendants were released from prison."
v - victim
الضحية, verdict
منطوق الحكم
victim = the person who has the crime committed against him or her:
"The murder victim was aged between 25 and 30."
verdict = what the jury decides: "The jury
returned a verdict of not guilty."
w - witness
شاهد
witness = someone who sees a crime being committed: "The police are
appealing for witnesses to come forward."
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